- ¿This paper considers the likely transaction costs that would be entailed in exchanging plant genetic resources for food and agriculture under bilateral agreements [...]International germplasm flow over the past decades for specific crop groups, and the number of source countries and destination…
- ¿At the multilateral level, systems should: 1) Maximize opportunities for multilateral technical cooperation, aiming to establish facilitated access to materials and technologies needed for the conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA. [...] 2) Promote and facilitate the harmonization of national…
- "[...] implementing global cooperation on the conservation and sustainable utilization of genetic resources for agriculture and food means organizing two processes. 1) Organizing negotiation and, once agreement has been reached, monitoring, will inevitably be the responsibility of the…
- ¿It is commonly, but incorrectly assumed, that the Country of Origin under the Convention on biological Diversity is the country in which a particular sample was collected. The CBD, however, provides a different and far more rigorous standard to be met for domesticated species. In the simplest…
- ¿The Global Plan of Action (GPA), adopted at the Fourth International Technical Conference in Leipzig in June 1996, is a comprehensive framework for action necessary for the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) around the world. The GPA has…
- ¿Countries may wish to consider options to ensure their IP systems are both properly applied and are supporting research and innovation. Some options may include: national legislation which provides for strict requirements for drafting of patent claims and higher standards for novelty requirements…
- ¿The findings of this study [...] can be summarized as follows: 1. Developing countries have been and continue to be recipients of a large amount of germplasm samples from IARCs, receiving more in numbers of germplasm samples from IARC genebanks than they contributed. 2. Developing countries…
- ¿The regulation of access and benefit sharing calls for a variety of specialized regimes that adequately take account of the specificities of each or a number of sectors/subsectors of biodiversity. The CBD broadly covers all areas of biodiversity, while it does not prevent parties from developing…
- ¿[¿] there is room for maneuver to reconcile the operation of the principle of facilitated access under a multilateral system on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, with certain forms of protection under IPRs. The recognition that materials covered by that system shall be deemed as…
- ¿We, as participants gathered here at the Global Forum for Agricultural Research in Dresden, Germany, on May 21 2000, being drawn from the national agricultural research systems, regional and sub- regional organizations, universities, advanced research institutions, nongovernmental organizations,…