This document outlines the GFAR theory of change. The outcomes GFAR hopes to achieve are: interconnected agri-food R&I systems, inclusive governance of R&I programs, empowered small-scale producers and MSMEs, mutual accountability and collective learning between stakeholders. The effect is a strengthened and transformed agri-food research and innovation, leading to enhanced capacity to deliver sustainable solutions. The impact is more inclusive, transparent, accountable, efficient, and resilient agri-food systems towards achieving sustainable development goals.