Objectives: to develop heat-resistant vaccines suitable for providing immunity to Newcastle disease in village chicken populations in Asia (and worldwide). The research has consisted of five large and small projects undertaken since 1984, which undertook the following activities: 1) Successful development of a thermostable vaccine for use in Malaysian villages. 2) Extension of vaccine trials to other Asian countries. 3) Development of a new non-commercialised seed vaccine for use in developing countries for making vaccine locally. 4) Investigation of the use of thermostable vaccines for controlling Newcastle disease in Mozambique.